Choice reaction time for repetitions and non-repetitions : A re-examination of the information hypothesis

The principal objective of this study was to describe some of the characteristics of the responses to repetitions and altercations in choice RT tasks. To the extent that these responses were shown to be differentially sensitive components of the overall RT, whose weighted sum yielded the linear relationship between the mean overall RT and transmitted information, it was suggested that a more detailed study of these components may be the more fruitful approach toward understanding the microstructure of RT processes. Clearly these arguments are not restricted to RT tasks alone but are applicable to a wide variety of experimental results which have been described in terms of a linear relationship between information and performance measures. Our results in no way deny the descriptive statements of the information hypothesis. On the contrary, our data in fact provide one more confirmation of the hypothesis. However, we have pointed toward a possible artifactual reason for the relationship and a change of emphasis has been suggested which may lead to more explanatory types of statements than have been forthcoming from the information approach.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/33385/1/0000784.pd

The way irrelevant dimensions are processed depends on what they overlap with: The case of Stroop- and Simon-like stimuli

According to the dimensional-overlap model (Kornblum, 1992), irrelevant dimensions that overlap with a stimulus dimension (e. g., Stroop-type stimuli) are processed by a different stage than those that overlap with the response (e. g., Simon-type stimuli). We show that the effects of these two types of overlap are additive, thus supporting the model's hypothesis. We also show that the time course of facilitation and interference is different for these two types of overlap.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/47499/1/426_2004_Article_BF00419699.pd

A priming method for investigating the selection of motor responses

We describe a priming method for investigating the mechanisms underlying the selection of motor responses. The empirical question addressed with the method is how the choice reaction time for a response depends on its relationship to a response that the subject was primed to perform. We explore the method in a study of manual response selection where we investigate the effects of requiring that two possible responses use the same finger or hand. A requirement of the method -- that subjects get ready to perform primed responses only -- is not met in some conditions of the experiment. When the two possible responses are made with different hands, it appears that multiple response preparation occurs prior to detection of the reaction signal, whereas when the two possible responses are made with different fingers of the same hand it appears that advance preparation is limited to a single response. This finding implies that subjects engage in different kinds of response preparation depending on the relationship between the alternative possible responses. We discuss the implications of this hypothesis for the priming method introduced here as well as for theories of response selection generally.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/23848/1/0000087.pd

The additivity of stimulus-response compatibility with the effects of sensory and motor factors in a tactile choice reaction time task

A tactile, two-choice, reaction time experiment is reported in which the effects of stimulus-response compatibility, response repertoire, and stimulus intensity are found to be additive. The implication of these results for the underlying information processing stage structure is discussed.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/27727/1/0000119.pd

Cerebral blood flow activation of the anterior cingulate gyrus studied with positron emission tomography

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/30868/1/0000532.pd

Investigating Perceptual Congruence Between Data and Display Dimensions in Sonification

The relationships between sounds and their perceived meaning and connotations are complex, making auditory perception an important factor to consider when designing sonification systems. Listeners often have a mental model of how a data variable should sound during sonification and this model is not considered in most data:sound mappings. This can lead to mappings that are difficult to use and can cause confusion. To investigate this issue, we conducted a magnitude estimation experiment to map how roughness, noise and pitch relate to the perceived magnitude of stress, error and danger. These parameters were chosen due to previous findings which suggest perceptual congruency between these auditory sensations and conceptual variables. Results from this experiment show that polarity and scaling preference are dependent on the data:sound mapping. This work provides polarity and scaling values that may be directly utilised by sonification designers to improve auditory displays in areas such as accessible and mobile computing, process-monitoring and biofeedback

Sequential dependencies as a determinant of choice reaction time: A summary

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/33044/1/0000430.pd

Reaction Time To Sequential Stimulus Presentations.

PhDExperimentsPsychologyUniversity of Michigan, Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studieshttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/182693/2/6002546.pd

The effect of signal intensity and training on simple reaction time

A discrepancy between data obtained by the two authors under apparently identical conditions lead to the execution of a simple experiment during the symposium. The results make it probable that a difference in stimulus intensity was the cause of the discrepancy. A plea is made for the advantages of small symposia for the rapid and exciting exchange of information.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/33381/1/0000779.pd